Molson coors

Countries around the world has indeed shied away from its isolationist tendencies and has embraced wholeheartedly the precepts of globalization, China is not a stranger to this phenomenon. With over a billion people, it has somehow developed into a lucrative market for investment. Owing to its potential, China is considered as the largest beer market in the world. Breweries worldwide are vying to be part of this huge market, and Molson Coors is in a position to be a major player. But caution is expressed because China is a complex market and product demand would vary from region to region. So if the desire of Molson Coors is to saturate the market in a nationwide level, then they need to be extra judicious in their marketing thrusts. Part of the government’s protectionist measures is to allow foreign investors to have a manufacturing and marketing agreement with a local counterpart. In so doing, products could reach consumers in all levels of Chinese society. In line with this policy, Molson Coors in August 2001 formed the subsidiary – Coors Beer Beverages (Suzhou) Co.,Ltd., the purpose being to distribute Coors Beer products into China. A brewing agreement has also been inked with Lion Nathan Beer and Beverages (Suzhou) Co. Ltd. in October 2001. Threats: As in all potential markets there will always be threats as interested investors and companies jockey for position and share in the manufacturing and beer distribution business. And since the market is still young and so huge, there will always be room for everybody. Depending on each company’s strategy, the one that can provide consumers the most value for their money will get the lion’s share of the market. Competition has started to manifest its ugly head as major players in the beer market are now poised to increase their market share. Recently though more breweries are coming into China (50 are reported recently). This is in addition to Budweiser, the current market leader; Carlsberg; Anheuser-Busch’s; SABMiller; Harbin Brewery and Scottish & Newcastle. Even with the frantic activity now experienced in China, the local beer market remains to be controlled by domestic players. This makes it a fragmented market and totally needs infusion of massive international capital which could come in the form of joint venture agreements. As a form of encouragement, China’s per capita beer consumption remains to be low – meaning the market has still so much room for development. References: â€Å"Bear in China 2006 A Market Analysis.† Research and Markets. December 2006. Research and Markets. 24 February 2008. . â€Å"China’s Beer Market: Still Room for Investment.† AP-Foodtechnology. 6 August 2004. Decision News Media SAS. 24 February 2008. . â€Å"SABMiller ‘top China beer seller.’†BBC News UK. 6 October 2006. BBC. 24 February 2008. . Edgar Online Inc. 11 March 2005. Edgar Online, Inc. 24 February 2008. .

Miranda Complex in Julia Alvarez’s How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents Essay

The article of Jennifer Bess who is an assistant professor of Peace Studies at Coucher College in Baltimore, Maryland, starts with a quotation from Alice Walker’ s book The Way Forward Is with a Broken Heart: A diary like this, with so many blank pages, seems to reflect a life permeated with gaps, an existence full of holes. But perhaps that is what happens when one’s experience is so intensely different from anything dreamed of as a child that there seems literally to be no words for it. This quotation is a kind of foreshadowing of what Bess puts forward in her article. The article starts with the background of the Miranda complex which is stated in the article’s title. It is mentioned that there is a girl named Miranda in Shakespeare’s play The Tempest. She has all the privileges of her father’s administration over an island; however she states that â€Å" I have suffered/ with there that I saw suffer! â€Å" because of his father’s authoritarianism. From the gender point of view, she carries the burden of oppression and powerlessness of Caribbean people and also the burden of oppression â€Å"the benefits and protection offered by colonizing father and husband. † She is a victim and an inheritor of the forces of colonialism at the same time. According to the article, Julia Alvarez studies this complex inheritance in her autobiographically based novel How The Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents. Alvarez’s characters tell many truths about their history and shared identity through Garcia girls. At the beginning of the novel, Alvarez goes back to the history of Garcia family to the time of Miranda . There were conquerors â€Å"encircling her own wrists† and she passes on these conquistadors to the Garcia sisters in the novel. The novel then emphasizes the themes of loss and violation; on the one hand there is a comfort and strength when the Garcia girls experience the female alliance and the richness of their shared Dominican experience; on the other hand however, they feel the pain of oppression. Because the privileged women of color tell only some parts of the story, her novel involves the mixed voices of silent people and the history’s loses along with Garcia family’s role in violence and victimization. According to the article, Alvarez’s characters come across wit the absence of memories so she must dig into the collective memory in order to uncover what remains of â€Å"common experience broken in time. Just like Miranda, the character Yolanda sympathizes with the others who suffer, however; she cannot identify herself with them completely because of her privilege, just as she cannot identify completely with Americans and even with her own extended family on the island. Her identity is fractured, unlike Miranda who depends on her father to fill in the gaps of her past, Yolanda takes the responsibility and writes her own past; in short she â€Å"recaptures the self† through her self creation. Alvarez’s characters cannot recover the loses of the past but with the exploration of Miranda’s complex, they transform â€Å"mandate of silence† into a revolution of truth telling and self-invention. For the Bess, the novel’s missing words and missing stories forms its theme; however the theme is not only one of loss ; it is also one in which Miranda faces the price of her family’s privilege. In other words, Alvarez uses absences and silence to expose the complexity of her characters’ inheritance, an inheritance shared by all â€Å"who have been shaped by the legacies of western expansion. Bess uses a quotation from Almanac of the Dead referring the alienation that the Garcia girls experienced; In Almanac of the Dead, Leslie Marmon Silko explains through a storyteller that the theory of the Big Bang was â€Å"consistent with everything else that he had seen: from their flimsy attachments to one another and their children to their abandonme nt of the land where they had been born,† westerners and those who have inherited their culture all share the same fate of alienation as do Adam and Eve, â€Å"wandering aimlessly because the insane God who had sired them had abandoned† and expelled them (1991, 258). She continues with another quotation stating that Silko calls the European as the orphaned children and thinks that the girls suffer after their exile: As Silko continues, â€Å"the Europeans had not been able to sleep soundly on the American continents, not even with a full military guard. They,† Like their heirs in Carlos and Yolanda, â€Å"suffered from nightmares and frequently claimed to see devils and ghosts† Their past, divided by the â€Å"river of bodies† left by the Haitian massacre and by the massacre of the natives hundreds of years before, will forever keep the Garcias orphaned spiritually.

BBB Wise Giving Alliance

Better Business Bureaus (BBB) is an organization that ‘checks’ on both businesses and charities. They offer an objective view of different businesses and charities, which they award with their seal, after passing several criteria. Such seals add confidence to consumers and donors who wants to associate with them. Currently, there are 3 million local and national establishments that are being constantly monitored and evaluated.Better Business Bureaus holds tightly on good business values. Some values that they uphold the importance includes, fairness and honesty, which should be incorporated in business ethics and for charity.They were first established in 1912. This is a program that will help donors identify legitimate and responsible charities. These charities are evaluated according to a set of standards; reports are then published to aid donors regarding the different charities. The reports are usually within three-year periods. The charity seal is optional to those that have passed the charity standards. The charity standards were developed by several institutions to ensure that the standards reflect those that the public needs.Information like charity fund allocations, organizational structure, ‘truthfulness’ of their accounts and their willingness to share other basic information about their organization. These are then analyzed to meet the standards. Review the report of at least one charity and discuss what you find. The information included in the reports are: charity contact information and description, Better Business Bureau comments, programs or activities of the charity, governance, including names of the head and their compensation, fund raising methods, financial reports including their budget allocation and tax status.These are very helpful information in identifying the best charity institutions that the donors would want to help, as well as to define transparency to their current donors. The information are just enou gh to build the confidence of donors, these should be the basic information, no more and no less. Reference BBB Wise Giving Alliance. (2003). Standards for Charity Accountability. Retrieved March 18, 2009 from http://www. bbb. org/us/Charity-Standards/

The Use of Torture in Interrogation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Use of Torture in Interrogation - Essay Example Law enforcement agencies are sometimes forced to inflict torture on suspects in order to retrieve trial information from them. The information that suspects may be hiding could be exceptionally vital in saving the lives of citizens. Therefore, law torture should be used in circumstances when law enforcement agents are seeking vital information from suspects; information that is likely to save the lives of the general public. McCain is one of the prominent people in the U.S who have vehemently opposed the use of torture during interrogation. McCain might be justified to push for legislations that illegalize the use of torture because he underwent torturous moments when he participated in the Vietnamese war. However, the debate on whether to legalize or illegalize the use of torture should not be discussed from the perspective of individuals past experiences. Taking such as perspective might make emotions cloud people’s judgment and limit sound decision making on the matter. Acc ording to Krauthammer, the debate would be healthy if the three kinds of war prisoners are brought into the picture. Krauthammer argues that for the purpose of torture and prisoner maltreatment, three kinds of war prisoners exist. The first category involves an ordinary solder caught on the field of battle (Krauthammer). This situation does not amount to exceptional circumstances that permit the use of torture for interrogation. Krauthammer indicates that the detention of such a soldier is for one sole purpose; â€Å"to keep him hors de combat†. Furthermore, if there is another just way of keeping such a prisoner away from the battle field, it should be employed. Krauthammer argues that because the main reason of keeping such a prisoner under those circumstances is to prevent him from becoming a commandant again, and he deserves all the protections and dignity of an ordinary domestic prisoner. Torturing such a prisoner would be inhumane, and it is not necessary. The second ca tegory involves a captured terrorist. By definition, a terrorist is an unlawful combatant. Krauthammer argues that â€Å"a terrorist lives outside the laws of war because he does not wear a uniform; he hides amongst civilians and targets the innocent† (Krauthammer. Such a terrorist is not entitled to protection at all. When the third category of the terrorist is mentioned, the discussion on torture becomes complicated. Consider a circumstance where by the captured terrorist has information on a bomb that has been planted in a city, and the bomb might go off in an hour’s time. Most probably, the lives of one million people are in danger. These are the exceptional circumstances where torture needs to be applied in order to secure the lives of civilians. In case the suspect has vital information, and he is unwilling to cooperate, then acts of morality and humanity become dependent on the ultimate goal; to save the lives of civilians. It would be logical to use torture and retrieve the much need information so as to save the endangered population. Krauthammer notes â€Å"the complications reflect precisely the dilemmas regarding all coercive interrogation, the weighing of the lesser of two evils: the undeniable inhumanity of torture versus the abdication of the duty to protect the victims of a potentially preventable mass murder†. Zandt argues that the overriding public safety becomes a priority when compared to the prisoner’

Micro economics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Micro economics - Term Paper Example Minimum wage is also controlled by local and state governments, which implies that different states in the US may have different statutory minimum wages. While the statutory minimum wage has significant benefits on workers, it is nevertheless known to have some economic effects on businesses, local employment, and individuals. This paper entails minimum wage in the United States and the associated effects. By July 2009, the US federal government had set an overall minimum wage of at least $7.25 per hour. On the contrary, some municipalities and states in the same country had set minimum wage levels slightly higher than the federal government statutory minimum wage level. In the Washington State for instance, the minimum wage level was set at $9.32 per hour by January 2014 (Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, 2014). Connecticut passed legislation in 2014, on March 26, that advocated for the raise of minimum wage to $10.10 from $8.7 by 2017. It was the first state in the United States to address the call by President Obama to increase minimum wage in the country. Further, Seattle City Council, in Washington passed an ordinance on June 2 2014 to increase the city’s minimum wage to $15 per hour (New York Times Editorial Board, 2014). This legislation placed the city in the topmost position regarding the highest minimum wage in the entire country. The overall minimum in the United States wage has remained as $7.25 since it was re-set in 2009, specifically on July 24. This increase was basically the third and the last step of the US Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007, which had become a low in 2007, on 25th May. It was held by the Supreme Court that this federal minimum wage was constitutional and hardly exceeds the Commerce Cause’s scope in the United States v. Darby Lumber Co. ( U.S. v. DARBY, 312 U.S. 100 (1941) ). Nevertheless, some of the U.S.

Research and Analysis Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

And Analysis - Research Paper Example The subsidiaries of the company are usually consolidated from the acquisition date to the date that the company stops controlling the subsidiary (Gulf times.com). The accounts for the subsidiaries are prepared at the same time as that of the mother company. The accounting policies used are consistent. The group usually eliminates all its balances, losses, gains, and transactions that arise from intra group transactions. The dividends are also fully eliminated. The losses that are found in a subsidiary are usually attributable to the non controlling interest of the company even if the results may lead to a deficit balance. If there occur a change in ownership of the subsidiary without any losses, the transaction is recorded as an equity transaction. When Mannai corp. losses a subsidiary, it derecognizes its liabilities and assets that were attributable to the subsidiary. It also derecognizes the non controlling interest that was associated with the subsidiary. The translational differ ences that were recorded in equity are also derecognized. At the same time, it recognizes fair value of the consideration that it receives, fair value that is attributable to investments received and recognizes profits or losses that are associated with the subsidiary loss. The company then reclassifies its share of components in other income generating avenues. Acquisition policy The company celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2010 and it was named as the largest service and trading company in Qatar (mannai.com) The company refocused its business in 2001 by divesting its interest that were overseas and reducing the dependence on cyclical activities. The company achieved its restructuring goal in 2004 when the company was able to attain the capacity of delivering sustainable earnings for its shareholders. The company became a public company in 2007. In 2011, the company acquired 35% controlling interest in Axiom Company. In the year 2012, mannai corp. and EFG Hermes acquired majority stake in DAMAS Ltd. Motivation for Acquisitions Although it is not directly mentioned in the consolidated statements, from the analysis, the company has motivation for acquisitions for many reasons. First, to enhance the ability of the Group to continue as a going concern based on the fact that this can only happen if the Group has enough resources to continue operating or doing business for the foreseeable future. This is evident in the way the consolidated financial statements of the group continue to be made on a basis of going concern. Second, acquisitions help the group in minimize liquidity risk. The Group has been engaged in acquisitions with the main intention of having or consolidating adequate liquidity to help meet its liabilities, under both stressed and normal conditions, without registering unacceptable risking damage or losses to the Group reputation and operations. Thirdly, since the group depends on financing from shareholders and banks loans, the acquisitions serv es to strengthen the security or collateral base for securing loans from banks. In fact, one of the risks of the group is credit risk where financial liabilities accrue as a result of banks loans or overdrafts (pp. 34). Fourthly, its motivation for acquisition is to increase market share or simply reduce competition. This is because, apart from Axiom Limited which is engaged in import, wholesale and retail sale of various mobile phones brands as well as related

Week 2 Academic Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 2 Academic Paper - Assignment Example It is important to clarify that this paper adds immense value to the operations of the research body of knowledge and to the cyber security community. This is by enlightening them on a number of common threats and how they can be mitigated. It also provides a well-defined auditing approach, which focuses on sorting of audit records based on legitimate and Clandestine users. Lastly but certainly not the least, it goes ahead to outlining a quality structure of a computer security surveillance system, which is very important in enhancing data security in a cyber-network (Anderson, 1980). Regardless of the benefits, there is a considerable number of weaknesses on this paper and they include lack of clear explanation on how data encryption will be implemented in the integration of surveillance subsystems. It also has a weakness particularly on monitoring vulnerability in a computer network connection (Westby, 2004). Instead, it only outlines computer security monitoring on the individual computer users and

History of western civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History of western civilization - Essay Example as in the filmmaking industry, movies released with historical themes often require consultation with experts on a field of study such as theologians or scientists. The knowledge coming from these specialists reflect chiefly in the film so that it becomes filled with a body of ideas which altogether makes an object of interest for historians who would like to conduct thorough research on a subject matter. Apparently, â€Å"The Prince of Egypt† may be claimed to bear positive impact on studies pertaining to Egyptian societies. Besides its biblical context, it richly illustrates a civilization of Egypt that is governed by a pharaoh’s strict decree. By examining the role of a pharaoh as a leader and his relations with the subjects, one may ascertain the degree to which the Egyptian society is shaped at the time according to the ancient religion, economy, and political system prevailing in Egypt as well as the response and behavior of its people. Depending on the circumstances and reactions involved during the presentation of historical narrative by popular media, it may generate either favorable or unfavorable impression to the point that the story, being part of the nation’s history, is heavily criticized. Normally, the sensation which criticisms create tends to rouse racial discrimination or social injustice if the popular media fails to include significant details. On the other hand, a responsible media despite popularity may also function as a tool of learning the truth about a nation’s historical events. It seems common for Western movies to project themes that appeal to the senses of a greater majority so that producers of the West profit hugely upon market expansion. However, if the movie’s production were to be non-Western by nature, then its contents would have followed a certain perspective of origin in terms of theological history which agrees well with scholarly

Fortune 500 Company Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fortune 500 Company Analysis - Essay Example Fortune 500 Company Analysis Wal-Mart Corporation is the biggest global retailer and by the end of January 2010, the company had amassed more than $400 billion in revenues, $24 billion in operating income, and operate 8,500 stores with approximately 1 billion square feet of space (Datamonitor: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 2010). Through low prices and development, Wal-Mart grew from their Arkansas roots to a global market leader. Wal-Mart is the largest firm in the global general merchandise stores sector, creating a 31.5% share of the sector's worth. Despite considerable opposition in the retail setting, Wal-Mart became a global leader by providing discounted price products to their customers. Wal-Mart manages three business divisions in the general merchandise industry: Wal-Mart, Sam's Club, and the international segment. Internet revenues are also an essential input to Wal-Mart’s achievement and the company’s Internet activities will continue to be a part of the future syne rgies of their business plan. Wal-Mart’s huge merchandise offerings and the wide blend of goods make it possible to differentiate them from the competition. Wal-Mart supplies branded and private label merchandise in several categories including groceries, recreation, electronics, apparel, wellbeing, interior design, and monetary services.

Why did the United States invade Iraq Term Paper

Why did the United States invade Iraq - Term Paper Example Therefore if a state functions within its own territories in a way that causes massive violations of these essential principles like manufacturing weapons of mass destructions or carrying out activities like genocide, then it is indeed a potential threat to the world community. The maxim â€Å"injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere† is very relevant here. The world has become a small global village wherein we are so interconnected that the act of one will affect another directly or indirectly. Actions of each and every state are now a matter of concern and should be closely scrutinized to prevent an era of disharmony leading to a situation like that of world wars. In the decades following the horrors of World War II and the genocide of European Jews, the world community was shocked and UN spurred by these terrible crimes demonstrated the renewed political will of bringing together the nations to combat any such threat to world peace and welfare in future. It has now become a general principle accepted both in  law  and practice that imperialism and foreign invasion were antithetical to the right of self-determination, which was understood to be the basis of the post-World War II worldwide  order. In the light of above mentioned principles of international law and its protected principles, an attempt has been made here to study the reason and legality of US’s attack on Iraq on various ground. ... We are still in a speculation mode regarding why exactly USA invaded Iraq; whether the motive was to actually disarm them of any weapons of mass destruction or was it because Bush administration eyed the oil wells of Iraq. In the era where the international values are â€Å"peace, security and the well being of the world†, it is not at all acceptable that a country wage war on another country for selfish ulterior motives, under the garb of protecting the noble principles of international law. Thus there is no denying the fact that there is an utmost urgency to probe into the reasons of such invasions. The USA’s invasion was criticized as illegal war legalized by misusing the international principles. If this is true then we are facing a very imminent threat posed by the developed countries to developing countries and this war will act as a bad international precedent for the same. Hence the actual reason behind the invasion of Iraq is a million dollar question. HISTORIC AL PERSPECTIVE USA and its allies attacked Iraq under the pretext that Saddam Hussein was in possession of weapons of mass destruction and it was likely that he would pass along those arms to al Qaeda. However the validity of such a ground was later found to be highly diluted. Experts thereafter postulated that we cannot all together rule out the possibility that this war was the outcome of enigmatic psychology of bush, particularly with respect to his relationship with his father along with the irresistible temptation of getting a strong hold over the prized Mesopotamian oil fields. Possibly he sought to "finish the job" that his father had begun in 1991 or may be to avenge Hussein who was alleged to have made attempts to

Milk Powder Essay Example for Free

Milk Powder Essay Why joint venture? Highest market share in milk powder, can provide technology and reputable brand name. Already brand recognition in Pakistan, thus familiar with market. Drawbacks? High royalties to established brand. Large multinational venture might dominate Milkpak. Pro’s Nestle Base in dairy products. Started out with infant formula. Plants in 60 countries, already business in Pakistan. Looking to fulfill long-term goals. Want decentralization, give JV own identity and responsibility. This was can better adapt to foreign market. Provide RD and technical assistance to subs. Growing interest in Pakistan market. Informal channel of communication. Con’s Nestle Want majority ownership in JV and want royalties. How to make cons pros? Majority ownership Nestle means that MP bears the least risk. Because MP has technical difficulties in setting up a Greenfield MP needs Nestle and Nestle needs royalties for its technology. But this is one of the few requirements. The JV will get its own management and gets a lot of responsibility. This makes it easier to adapt to the Pakistan market. This is also the trust Nestle puts in MP, since Nestle will bear most of the risk due to the majority ownership. Nestle also has the highest market share for milk powder, which can be used to gain a good reputation. In short Nestle bears risk, puts MP in charge of the subsidiary, gives technological and RD support, which is what MP is looking for, but needs royalties in return. Familiar with milk powder and infant formula.

Meaning of Life and Yoga Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Yoga Essay Celebrity Yoga: Is this just a fad? Yoga has become a very popular exercise among people all across the world. Celebrities are also adopting this practice in order to strengthen their bodies. Celebrities and yoga has been a winning combination for quite some time in America, and more and more people are beginning to at least try yoga because their favorite celebrities are trying it. Celebrities that do yoga are making the practice more popular. Yoga industry in the United States has grown considerably since many celebrities have admitted to practicing yoga on a regular basis. Here are some things you will want to know about celebrities and yoga that may help you to decide whether or not you want to try yoga for yourself. What do celebrities have to say about yoga? Celebrities like Meg Ryan, Jennifer Anniston, Ricky Martin, and Madonna have all admitted to using yoga as a means to calm the spirit, tone the muscles of the body, and increase physical strength. Many people also say that yoga gives a personal sense of accomplishment, and that it is easier to handle rigorous demands of the day by practicing yoga Yoga is also designed to help people learn about the meaning of life. Yoga allows you to train your mind to think about positive things, and you are also able to think about how to solve problems and even get along well with others. You are also taught about how certain yoga principles should transfer into your daily life, such as learning how to do everything in the right time, or being patient with others. It is also believed the yoga will give you a higher tolerance for pain. One of the most important factors which cause the heart disease is depression. Tachycardia and other disturbances are caused due to this depression. Rhythm of the heart is altered due to tachycardia and other disturbances. Long-lasting or repetitive state of depression will make a considerable damage to the heart and enhances the chance of getting heart attacks. Yoga is an effectual solution against all sorts of stress since it can enhance the level of GABA (gamma amino butyric acid), a neurotransmitter in our brain which is correlated to depression when it is in supplied lesser in the brain. After one session of yoga the level of GABA gets increased.

Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Co Irradiations and I Decays

Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Co Irradiations and I Decays Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Microdosimetry Problem statement Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging use unsealed radionuclides for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. In targeted radiotherapy, the aim is to address tumor cells using suitable radiopharmaceuticals and achieve a high dose deposition inside the target structures. â€Å"Macrodosimetry† generally entails estimating the dose effect in organs (or dimensions of at least some millimeters) and is outlined in detail by the Medical Internal Dose (MIRD) Committee, the U.S. Society of Nuclear Medicine and the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) [1]. Microdosimetry therefore entails estimating the dose absorbed in microscopic objects such as cells. Dose deposition in cells can originate from extracellular media, intracellular uptake in a single cell and from surrounding cells. As an alternative to characteristic photon emissions,radionuclides decaying by electron capture or internal conversionmay undergo a process known as the Auger effect. In the Auger effect, an electron from an outer shell fills the lower electron vacancy, but the energy released in the process is transferred to another orbital electron. This electron is then emitted from the atom instead of a characteristic X-ray [2]. The emitted electron is called an Auger electron,with ranges in tissue typically at the micro- or nanometer level [3].Their unique property of depositing significant amounts of energy in minute volumes around the decay site opens up the possibility of using them as microscopic probes to study fundamental questions regarding the interaction of radiation with cells. 123I is used mainly in nuclear medicine because of its ideal ÃŽ ³-ray energy (159 keV) and relatively short half-life (13.2 h). The decay of 123I is, however, also associated with the production of Auger electrons. These low energy particles (4]. Knowledge of the absorbed dose is required for evaluation of the observed biological effects and to predict or compare the effectiveness of different radiation modalities. However, direct dose measurements in cells are impossible due to the small cellular dimensions [5]. According to the stochastic character of all of the decay processes, a large number of pathways exist by means of which a radioactive particle can decay and the excited atom can de-excite, i.e. each initial inner shell vacancy may cause a different number of Auger electrons to be emitted resulting in a more or less broad distribution of differently charged ions. Because these electron transitions and particle interactions are random processes, the Monte Carlo technique is an appropriate tool for the simulation of Auger emissions and electron spectra, as well as a feasible method to obtain correct absorbed dose values under consideration of all irradiation aspects like geometry and activity distributions [5],[6], [7]. Bingham et al. found that the dose delivered to the cell nucleus is underestimated by a factor of 7.4 for 123I in cells with nuclear radius of 4 ÃŽ ¼m and cell radius of 12 ÃŽ ¼m when compared to conventional electron dosimetry, indicating the need of developing dosimetr ic calculations for electrons emission at a cellular level [8]. Geant4 is an open source Monte Carlo (MC) toolkit, based on object orientated programming rules using the C++ language, which provides functions for simulating the passage of particles through matter [9]. The code is freely downloadable from the Geant4 web site. Detailed descriptions of the toolkit design and the physical fundamentals may be found in the â€Å"Geant4 User’s Guide for Application Developers† and the â€Å"Physics Reference Manual† [10], [11]. Besides the fact that it is entirely open-source and freely available to all users, the main advantage of this toolkit is its openness to modification and extensions. Originally Geant4 comes from high-energy physics but it also provides low-energy physics processes necessary for medical applications. Users may construct stand-alone applications or applications built upon another object-oriented framework. In either case the toolkit offers support from the initial problem definition to the production of results and graphics for publication. At the heart of Geant4 is an abundant set of physics models to handle the interactions of particles with matter across a very wide energy range. Data and expertise have been drawn from many sources around the world,and in this respect Geant4 acts as a repository which incorporates a large part of all that is known about particle interactions[12]. All aspects of the simulation process have been included in the toolkit: the geometry of the system, the materials involved,the fundamental particles of interest, the generation of primary events, the tracking of particles through materials and electromagnetic fields, t he physics processes governing particle interactions, the response of sensitive detector components, the generation of event data,the storage of events and tracks, the visualization of the detector and particle trajectories, and the capture and analysis of simulation data at different levels of detail and refinement. 1.2. Objectives Aims The level of biological effects of certain radiations is not always directly proportional to the dose they impart. Since the delivered dose on a cellular level is not directly measurable using current instrumentation, scientists and physicians have developed correlations between the biological response and the exposed dose through experiment and theory of atomic physics. An alternative method of predicting the delivered dose in a cell is by using Monte Carlo simulations. These simulations however, have to describe the biological composition and geometries of the material as accurately as possible, as well as the interactions of different particles with the material and can therefore result in complex codes and extremely long computation times. In our study, the aim was to determine (through experiments and using Monte Carlo simulations) the relative biological effectiveness[1] (RBE) of isolated and stimulated human lymphocytes exposed to 60Co irradiations and 123I decays. The first phase of experiments was the exposure of 3 different types of cellsto a 60Co-teletherapy unit. The proposed cell lines were: human lymphocytes, rat brain endothelial cells(bEND5, a cell with high radiosensitivity) andChinese hamster ovarian cells (CHO-K1, a cell with low radiosensitivity). The cells were exposed to graded doses of 60Co ÃŽ ³-radiation, after which they were cultured and the micronuclei formations in binucleated cells were used to analyze the effects of ÃŽ ³-radiation on the cell types. The second phase of experiments was the exposure of a known number of isolated and stimulatedhuman lymphocytes to certain activities of 123I for a discrete amount of time. The thymidine analogue 5-[123I]-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (123IUdR) was prepared and used to incorporate123I into theDNA of human lymphocytes. This was done such that the radionuclide could be transported across the cell and nuclear membrane to permit the deposition of Auger and Coster-Kronigelectrons in close proximity to cellular DNA. After exposure, the samples werecultured to express residual radiation damage. The cellular damage was quantified by numerating the micronuclei (MNi) frequency in binucleated (BN) cells.The experiments were done at iThemba LABS under the supervision and guidance of Prof. Slabbert and Philip Beukes. The experimental work followed the same approach as that of Slabbert, et al[13]. In the study they focused on the targeting and accumulation of 123I in human lymphocytes and CHO-K1 (a Chinese hamster ovary cell line). They found that the combined effect of intracellular and extracellular disintegrations of 123I is about 3.7 times more potent to lymphocytes compared to when the disintegration of the radionuclide is restricted to only the extracellular medium, among other results. It was concluded that this enhancement is due to the short range Auger electrons emitted by the isotope. Next, we wished to recreate the above experiments through Monte Carlo simulations and thereby determine as accurately as possible the absorbed energy and dose due to the irradiations,specifically the energy and dose deposited by Auger electrons produced during the decay of 123I. We will make use of a Monte Carlo based simulation code Geant4. The code must be mastered and used to simulate the scenarios mentioned above. We attempted to simulate the above 60Co exposures. This simulation was an investigation into the irradiation of a macroscopic volume by a radioactive source. The geometry was set up to replicate the experimental setup with regards to the source location and type, collimation, build-up and backscatter, the Petri dish and cellular media. The individual cells were not used as detectors, only the effective volume in the Petri dish. The energy and the dose deposited by the 60Co source (ÃŽ ³-rays, primary and secondary electrons) was then quantified by the Monte Carlo simulation. Our main endeavor was to simulate the energy deposition from the decay of 123I within a cell using Geant4. Basically, a geometry representing a biologicalcell (with the same density, etc. as the proposed lymphocytes) was created as a detector to measure the dose, energy and particles traversing it due to a radionuclide prone to emit Auger electrons, i.e. 123I. A similar simulation was performed by Bousis, et al (2012), using their in-house Monte Carlo code [14]. More advanced simulations are the calculation of DNA strand breaks due to direct and indirect effects of Auger electrons as was demonstrated by Raisali, et al (2013), which werehowever not attempted in this investigation [15], [16], [17]. Furthermore, an empirical formula relating the activity(and consequently the absorbed dose) to the biological response was determined. The curveswere compared to other dose-response curves from literature, thereby indicating if the simulations are a viable option for predicting accurate dose depositions. We could then calculate the RBE values from our dose-response curves and compare them to values available in literature. Finally, we aimed to determine the accuracy and feasibility of Geant4 as a simulation toolkit for medical and radiobiological purposes. To this end we considered the practicality, effort and time spent using Geant4, as well as by the comparison of RBE values and dose-response curves. Geant4 is an advanced, extensive and comprehensive simulation toolkit. Its advantage over similar packages with regards to availability, artistic and geometric freedom, physics models and materials libraries and openness to modification are undeniable. It is a very powerful simulation toolkit and can be used in a large number of areas of expertise as is shown by the examples supplied alongside the toolkit. [1]RBE values indicate the effectiveness of two radiation qualities to produce a certain biological response.

production and cost curve :: essays research papers

Production/Cost Curves   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every company has some kind of Revenue and they all have costs that are associated with running the company. It is also true that if a company wants to increase their Revenue, their costs will increase too. It is every company’s goal to maximize revenue and either through Production or Services, and minimize cost. These things are easy to figure out, but actually identifying the production and figuring out how it will increase or decrease with change is very difficult.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Fred Meyer our output like in all grocery stores, is not a product but the amount of items we sell. Sales is what drives the company, it is the source for our Revenue. Similar to manufacturing companies where they have numbers that tell them how much they produced, we have numbers that tells us how much we have sold. Every department has a goal that they have to reach. They have to sell their products to come to that number. The number varies daily, and managers expect from every department that they will sell more products compared to last year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For departments to achieve that, managers have to look at the output level and decide how they can increase profit. It will be very difficult for them to do that because if they want to increase the production/output which is sales in my situation, they would incur costs. So if managers decide to try and sell more products, they could hire more employees to persuade customers to buy more products. We can see that when we go to â€Å"Circuit City† and â€Å"Best Buy†, they have employees just standing around and not doing anything, but once a customer shows up, they are all over them. So for managers in my Home-electronic department they could hire more employees to sell more products. That concept would not be very efficient after a certain number of employees are hired. If we h ire 10 more employee, than a lot of them would just stand around and be in the way of customers and even each other. This situation could be a bottleneck for people that are trying to get something done. Graph A could best describe this example. This graph shows you what happens to the output when more labor is added. The output will slowly level off and then start to decline. If the managers want to maximize the output they would have to look at the max point on the graph to get the highest output with the lowest labor force.

Essay --

Pump Up that Seawater! A Remix of Traditional Freshwater Hydro Systems Hydroelectricity is a super clean energy source that emits minimal pollution. However most dams and structures used to gather hydroelectricity can be placed in limited locations. This is because hydroelectricity today requires two reservoirs of fresh water. It is well known that freshwater is very limited while we have an abundance of seawater, which many scientists believe is supposedly a waste and can’t be used for anything. To harness hydroelectricity to its fullest so that it can provide an abundant source of energy, a hydro system that is much less site-specific is required. Hydroelectric plants can be placed in only so few places, because there are few sources of freshwater. Although hydroelectricity uses renewable resources and releases little to no pollutants, existing hydroelectric plants in total give very little energy and are site specific compared to other sources of energy, it not cost effective and usable in limited areas. We can tackle the problem of limited areas for hydroelectric energy plants by using seawater instead of freshwater. We actually have an infinite amount of ocean water, unfortunately we don’t have an infinite amount of freshwater. Like traditional freshwater hydro systems a seawater pumped-storage hydro would work very similar. Extra electrical energy from nuclear energy, fossil fuels, or renewable energy power plants are used during times of low power demand to push water uphill to be deposited in reservoirs as potential energy. Then, when demand peaks, the reservoirs are opened, permitting water to pass through hydroe lectric turbines to produce the electricity needed to meet power demand. The key modification for saltwa... ...ean, where World watch is currently working with three governments to produce Sustainable Energy Roadmaps, it could be a practical solution to consider. With limited supplies of fresh water, tremendous renewable energy potential on and just off its coasts, and limited energy storage capability, seawater pumped-storage hydro could provide the Caribbean with tremendous benefits. Protecting the environment is crucial for this generation and future generations. My idea may make green energy more popular and benefit the environment. Using blah, blah, blah would blah, blah, blahs. Reducing costs and blah, blah, blah, the simple, efficient, and blah, blah, blah that I developed should encourage more people to switch to renewable resources and support this and my cause. Such a change would make the environment cleaner, healthier, and more enjoyable for generations to come.

Manufacture In Scotland Today :: essays research papers

Contents   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contents page  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Electronics  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Semiconductors  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aerospace  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Automotive  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 8   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 9 â€Å"Manufacturing In Scotland Today† Introduction This report is not so much on the state of the manufacturing industry in Scotland but rather of it’s current success. Scottish productivity consistently ranks among the highest worldwide and multinational companies have expanded their presence in Scotland to capitalise on this. Due to the extent of the manufacturing industry in Scotland I am going to focus on four areas these being: Electronics, Semiconductors, Aerospace and Automotive manufacture. Other major areas of manufacture in Scotland include Biotechnology (which I will touch upon later), Food (with annual sales totalling  £7.3 billion) and Textiles. Scotland is the home to around 550 electronics companies including multinational giants such as IBM, Compaq, Motorola, Matsushita and Phillips. Scotland also has one of the highest concentrations of semiconductor fabrication companies in Europe including NEC, Motorola, National Semiconductors and Raytheon Systems. While the Scottish aerospace industry comprises of 52 companies including BAE Aerostructures, GEC Marconi Radar and Control Systems, Greenwich Caledonian, Rohr, Bond Helicopters and Woodward Governor and it has world-class expertise in electronics, plastics and aluminium founding, all of which are increasingly important in automotive manufacture. All these companies chose Scotland. Home to Europe's most experienced electronics work-force the Scots are known worldwide for their work ethic, as well as for their skills and initiative they are praised for low turnover rates, low absenteeism, and high levels of responsiveness to training and new technologies. Partly this can be put down to Scotland’s educational system which places particular emphasis on electrical engineering, science, mathematics and computer-related studies. Also producing more engineering graduates per capita than all other EU nations. Scotland also offers the ideal location for companies requiring access to the European market through access to Europe in a matter of hours with it’s modern airports, motorways, deep water seaports and advanced rail freight connections with Europe. Electronics The so called Silicon Glen area of Central Scotland is one of the most concentrated areas of electronics activity in Europe. Home to many companies from America, Japan, as well as European multi-nationals and of course independent Scottish companies. Many leading electronics companies have operations in Scotland, including IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Canon, Compaq, Packard Bell, NEC, Sun Microsystems and Mitsubishi. Altogether they employ 41,000 people, with another 29,900 supporting directly. Total product sales of the Scottish electronics sector amounted to  £15.5 billion in 1996 with Scotland producing:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  32% of personal computers made in Europe,

Love Conquers All

Love conquers all, let us too surrender to love. † Love could be described as insanity and outrageous to those who know it or even despise it. Love conquers all. If the obstacles be physical, which we cannot change ourselves, then our minds will mold as we see fit, even if it means going insane. Love conquers all because, being only one true love, it has no conditions. After getting a taste of love we will stray, only to come back for more, for it's what our souls yearn for. Thus, conquering the obstacles and abilities Of life.Love conquers the views of society. During the Civil Rights Movement, the â€Å"Blacks† or African-American people were being discriminated in America and other countries, it became obvious to a lot of African-Americans that violence against violence was getting them no where. Blacks loved their families, friends, countries, and white people. They were going to stand up for their rights as humans, but to do this they had to make obvious what the wh ites were doing to the blacks. African-Americans let themselves be beat and murdered. They protested by not going to places they were allowed or/and ongoing to places they were ‘t allowed to go to.It took a while, and it still goes on today, but the labels and views of society have been ever so more lifted off their shoulders. Love conquers all, including time. In the movie Maleficent, the fairy whom had lost her wings to her childhood friend and romantic lover, had cursed his newborn baby girl as revenge. After taking care of the baby girl, Aurora, from a distance, Maleficent thought she hated this child. As the girl grew, Maleficent grew in her love for Aurora. Finally, when the curse had taken place, Maleficent knew what she had done long ago now affected her and she devastated by this.When all hope seemed lost, she herself had lifted the curse from Aurora because of her sincerity of repentance and love for Aurora. At first Maleficent had thought there was no such love with out conditions, but even though it took a long period of time she still learned there was such a thing and became a happy fairy with her wings once again. Love conquers all, even the forces of nature and disease. Most of these may seem impossible to a lot of people. Jesus, the Son of God, had done lots of oracles. But He said, â€Å"Your faith has saved you. † Love comes with great faith in God.Jesus had died for our sins because of His great love for us and because he is Love. At the Last Supper a miracle occurred done by Jesus. He turned wine into His Blood and bread into His Body and said, â€Å"DO this in remembrance of me. † Thus, Catholics go to mass and relive this miracle of salvation. There have been times when the Blood or/and Body of Christ has been stolen and found in later years. When found, research had been done on the Blood or/and Body of Christ and concluded in astounding results. There was actual blood and body pieces still intact that described a tor tured male just as Jesus had been tortured.There have been people who have prayed to God through the intersection of Mary by praying the Rosary. Catholics and Non-Catholics, have prayed for others who have had a disease, for example cancer, to be cured. Sometimes their prayers weren't answered overnight or at all but these people had faith in God and dedicated themselves to the praying the Rosary. Their sincerity and faith took a toll and their prayers answered, the cancers cured, and as mom response from Mary, the people could smell roses eater their prayers had been answered or even if they weren't answered.Love conquers all. Whether it be the views of society, time, the forces of nature, diseases, and-ourselves. But, we must understand that suffering is part of love as long as we roam this earth. All of us have tried to avoid suffering. Has it not become obvious that our love is strongest at what seems the most difficult times? God refines us like silver in the fire Of our suffer ings. Fall in love with God and love will truly conquer all.

Banking and Its Influential Factors in the Economy

Banking is one of the most influential factors on the economies of today†s society. As with everything these days, technology is changing where, when and most of all, how we do things, specifically banking and other related financial transactions and arrangements such as mortgages, etc. Recently, in Toronto, the very city we live in, we were in the midst of two possible bank mergers, which would have changed banking and on a larger scale the entire economy, in many ways. In comparison to the larger banks of the world, Canada†s most major banks are not even close to the size and caliber of international banks like ING Direct, for example. This would not typically be a problem for Canadian banks, however when these international banks move into Canada, which has happened already, and is bound to happen even more as time passes and Canada becomes a more prosperous country, it quickly becomes a very large problem. Banks are an extremely affluent business. Regardless of where you are in the world banks are right at the top of the list when it comes to capital, equity and earnings. Canada fits right in, in comparison to the rest of Canada. But when we compare Canada†s banks to those of other countries, or even better, international banks, they are simply insignificant. For example, hypothetically speaking, if the entire world were opting whether or not to adopt a single currency, most deciding factors would be made by the banks of each individual country. Canada, although it is a major world leader in many other categories, would not be looked upon as a country that knew much about international stature, in terms of banking. In this essay I will try to prove how banking is one of the most influential factors on the economy by using factual cases from recent times. What does better customer relations† mean? Increasingly, customers are demanding more convenient ways to do their banking. An Ernst and Young study (Technology in Banking Report) concluded, â€Å"nothing changes in the banking world if customers cannot get financial services when and where they wish†¦this means anywhere, at any time. † Statistics show that ATM†s telephone banking, and home banking account for over fifty percent of all banking transactions today, and total non-branch activity is growing at fifteen percent a year. In one survey (Web-Tech, Inc., May 17, 1995), eighty-two percent of 18- to 34-year olds polled preferred banks with 24-hour service. Customers are also demanding a more sophisticated mix of products tailored specifically to their financial needs, and non-bank competitors are better fulfilling these needs. Banks today hold only 20% of household financial assets, versus 34% twenty years ago; they have 30% of business deposits, versus 42% only seven years ago. Non-bank credit card providers have gained inroads against banks, holding a 25% market share versus 5% in 1986 (WebTech, Inc., May 17, 1995). Internet banking offers an attractive solution to this redesigned products and services. Customers have 24-hour graphical-interface access to their accounts and appreciate that their bank is doing something to make banking easier for them. A country, like a business or a person, is constantly doing anything in its power to better itself. A business, like a society, is either growing or declining; the competitive world allows no other options. Human nature will allow no state of rest. Economics is the study of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services (Ammer, pg. 186), all of which, if stopped, would cause a business or a country to grind to a halt. From these statements we realize that change is an integral part of the world of economics. Not necessarily a change in what we create, rather the way we do it. Technology, that is, the development of new materials, products, machinery, and processes can create new products and concepts as well as improve production and efficiency for existing products a few key factors that determine economic growth. As a result, new jobs are created, existing ones are made easier and more efficient, and the in the end there is a greater profit margin (Thurow, pg. 69, 304). To understand this topic I will look at the effects of technology on economic growth compared to those of the other four factors, There are five factors, which affect a country's economic growth, Each factor has its own effect on economic growth, however together they produce a greater overall effect. Picture a bank without any branches. No tellers. No rows of desks. No racks of brochures, no automated teller machines outside. Picture, in fact, a virtual bank, one that for the customer exists only in his or her office or home, as images on a computer screen. US financial institutions are moving towards â€Å"virtual banking.† This strategy is about making bank products and services available to customers any time and any place they want them. As virtual banking becomes more popular, it is very likely that more customer service will be seen while the number of traditional teller-staffed branches will decline. Bank customers will move away from traditional banking and will become more dependent on electronic transactions using ATMs or PCs (Britt, Savings&Community Banker, February 1995, p.9). Thanks to this â€Å"technical revolution†, financial institutions are using software programs, online services, and even the Internet to allow customers to check balances, pay bills, and transfer funds among accounts. Bankers promise that, in the near future, we will also be able to more easily buy certificates of deposit, mutual funds, and other investments, and even apply for loans electronically. For most people, today's best option may be plug into their bank through one of three leading home-budgeting software programs, these programs are: By charging $5 to $20 a month for such services, banks are sure to cash in on the high-tech superhighway. This would make everything much easier for customers. All that is required is a personal computer, software and a modem, all of which the majority of people in today†s society have. On-screen instructions, filled with colorful graphics and pictures, explain how to select and work on various tasks. The system automatically calculates and updates account balances and keeps records of bills. A handful of banks have already set up home pages on the Internet to provide information to their existing and potential customers about upcoming services. They started their transactions. Internet banking differs from the traditional PC banking model in several ways. In most home banking ventures, the bank sends an application software program to the customer which runs on the customer's PC. The customer then dials into the bank with their modem, downloads data, and runs the programs that are resident on their computer, perhaps sending back a batch of requests such as transfers between accounts. It demands more and more space and speed from the customer's computer. With Internet banking, on the other hand, there are potential customers who already have all the software they need to do their banking, since all they need is a browser. The actual banking software resides on the bank's server in the form of their home page. This software can be updated at any moment with new information, such as new prices or products, without having to send anything to the customer; it can also continue to expand and become more sophisticated without becoming cumbersome for the customer to operate. Banking with a browser, on the other hand, involves a continuous, interactive session, initiated by a local telephone call to a local access provider or online service. By developing internal expertise today, banks can prepare themselves to react quickly and efficiently to competitive moves and consumer trends as the financial services industry changes. Employees at Bank of America, Chemical, Wells Fargo, and other large U.S. banks use them to buy lunch and snacks. Smart cards-plastic cards with computer chips-are starting to be used for prepayment, debit, and credit purchases all over the world. In the U.S., smart cards can be only used at a contained group of machines, or for one purpose. â€Å"They are part of the broader shift to electronic delivery, to making ATMs more functional, to using PCs and the Internet to do home banking.† says Edgar Brown, senior vice-president of alternative delivery products at First Union, Charlotte, N.C. One of the advantages of using chips on cards with or instead of magnetic stripes is better security. Microprocessor chips are very difficult to alter or forge. Chips can carry more information than magnetic stripes can. A microprocessor chip can store up to eight kilobytes of data. Smart cards make cheaper and faster payments possible. Money can be deducted from a chip without on-line authorization. This makes for a two-second transaction versus an up-to-two-minutes one, and telecommunications costs are saved (Lunt, P., ABA Banking Journal, September 1995, p.46). We can plainly see that there are many factors having great importance, when dealing with the economy. There are many things we must take into consideration in order to make any kind of an informed economic decision.

Literature Review on Marketing Essay

This part of the thesis deals with the research and critical comments on various literatures related with the marketing activities that can be implemented by a firm to improve their business performance. Marketing Strategy: According to Ferrell and Hartline (2010) Marketing Strategy is both art and science where the firm finds or plans ways to deliver their value by fulfilling the needs & wants of their potential customers. This helps in determining the marketing mix and analyzing the competitive advantage of the firm by implementing and presenting new ideas so as to satisfy their customers. Employing strategies helps in increasing the level of sales by branding, advertising & promotion. So as per the authors (Ferrell& Hartline, 2010) the points that are to be taken under consideration by a firm to properly establish a marketing strategy are discussed below: Firstly, a proper marketing plan is to be established as it helps in providing the necessary detailed outline to carry out the marketing program for a firm. As per the authors ,the marketing plan is not at all similar to a business plan; but a business plan contains a marketing plan along with financial, capital and human resource. Therefore, the core means to accomplish the desired goals & objectives of an organisation’s marketing strategy is through its well defined marketing plan. Secondly, a firm must aim in seeking marketing opportunities available by collecting and analyzing the information. The technique used for data collection& analysis is through situation analysis; which is a process of data collection that describes the current& future issues & trends that can have an effect on the internal, customer, external environments respectively (Ferrell& Hartline, 2010). This helps in making the strategy by identifying the environment of the business is dealing in and analyze whether the plan will be beneficiary or not before implementation. Then, a Marketing expansion is to be made by identifying in the best interest of the their customers using marketing tools like segmentation & targeting and this can be calculated by identifying the customers buying process because it will help the managers in rea lizing who are their customers & what exactly do the customers want (Ferrell& Hartline, 2010). Finally, the firm has to implement the plan but must execute certain  activities to increase employee motivation and commitment in achieving the desired goals and objectives effectively by controlling & evaluating the marketing strategy as per the plan proposed. Therefore, implementation of marketing strategy is incomplete without a control mechanism (Ferrell& Hartline, 2010). The key in effective strategic controlling is by maintain an appropriate communication system and the managers must make business decisions as per the interest of the organisation and its customers. Thus, marketing strategy is a never ending process making it important for the managers to monitor and evaluate the outcomes of the plan that has being implemented for future benefits as it can allow the firm to concentrate on its limited available resources & seek their opportunities to increase sales and achieve a competitive edge. By this we can say that strategy plays a key role for a company to be successful in a way that can obtain benefit against its competitors. Analysis of the environment: According to Richard Lynch (2006), analysis of the business environment for an organisation is certainly an important part for this report, as in a much broader sense it helps to describe everything and everyone outside the firm. This includes customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors, government and social Institutions. The following will briefly explain about few marketing analysis that are to be considered for gaining a competitive advantage. The Strategic Analysis is a part of the environmental analysis that contributes in strategically analyzing of the environment by firstly, measuring the Market Size which will enable a firm in assisting and developing a strategy task, then the Market Growth for comprehending how much the market has grown over the years as the growth mainly relates to the organisation’s objectives & lastly, the Market Share to realize how much portion does the firm consume & take benefit within the market in comparison with its major competitors (L ynch, 2006). But for this to be applied the market must first be defined properly meaning the company must realise exactly in which particular market or markets it is entering. The PESTEL Analysis basically defines the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental & Legal factors that can affect the firm as it offers a  valuable starting point of the overall environment surrounding an organisation (Lynch, 2006). Though the PESTEL analysis is depend on past events and experience, but the analysis can be used as a forecast of the future by the managers. Although, this analysis is effective but must be updated on a regular basis as over time the lifestyles, regulations, culture and technology keeps on changing. The Degree of turbulence at the general level of environmental analysis considers the basic conditions surrounding the organisation (Lynch, 2006). Special attention needs to be directed to the nature and strength of the forces driving the change in the dynamics of the environment and the environmental forces that immediate the organisation can be measured according to firstly the Changeability which is the degree of the environment that is likely to change & the Predictability which is the degree of those changes that can be predicted. Lastly, the managers of an organisation must determine the Key Factors of success that helps the organisation in achieving their main goals & objectives as the resources, skills and attributes of an organisation that are vital to bring success in the market place (Lynch, 2006). Usually calculating & measuring the environmental analysis mentioned by the author Lynch; takes a lot of time & money of the company in determining the industry market by statistical tools which is not accurate making it risky & also based on the external factors that keeps on changing making it difficult for every firm to apply the analysis up to its full potential. But, still using Environmental Analysis helps the managers in making effective business & marketing decisions by determining the market industry in which the organisation deals in & identifying the essentials parts that are worth exploring to recognize the success that the firm has by gaining potential for customer satisfaction & differentiating itself from its competitors. The Analysis of the Industry’s Competitive Strategy: Competitiveness of a firm is its capability to achieve its targets. These targets are likely to be conveyed in a range of position depending on the context (Barney 2002). From abusiness perspective, a competitive firm requires to survive in the market and achieve the desired market share and  profitability. The success of a competitive firm can be calculated by obtaining their current position in the defined market. According to Michael E. Porter’s (1985), the best model in realizing a firm’s current situation is by Porter’s five forces model. This identifies the competitive strategy that an operating business has & aims at defeating its rival companies. According to Porter (1985), the guidelines of rivalry are characterized into â€Å"five competitive forces†. These competitive forces are entry to the new competitors, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalry among the existing competitors. Porter (198 5) further explains that the industry arrangement is reasonably stable, but can altered over time as the industry progresses, and the strong points of these competitive forces varies from one industry to another. Based on this model there’s ahelp in analyzing the bargaining power of buyer’s which willeffect the price that a firm can charge.The power of suppliers defines the costs of raw materials; the intensity of rivalry influences prices of competing. The threat of entry places a boundary on prices, and outlines the investment vital to put offnew competitors; Threats from substitutes usually pose a threat whenever there is a technological or low-cost breakthrough. Chaffey (2002) supports Porter’s model forces as it still provides a useable framework for studyingthe threats arising. The value of Porter’s model enables managers to think about the current industry that is in a structured and easy-to-understand system for further analysis. But, the above model’s framework is fundamentally fixed, while the competitive environment in general is constantly changing and it does not apply to a nonprofit type of organisation (Lynch, 2006). It also assumes that the buyers have no major significance than the aspect of the micro-environment; But the customer are always considered to be more important than other aspects of competitive strategy development process. Thus in order to solve these issues the SWOT analysis can be implemented (Lynch, 2006). As the SWOT analysis determines the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for a firm with in the environment it operates. Even though the model has been questioned with few critical remarks but for the managers of any major firm this model still demonstrates to be a useful for a competitive strategic analysis within the industry. So, there is no doubt that this is the best model that aims at defeating the major competitors in the market. Customer Relationship Analysis: According to Nigel Hill, Greg Roche & Rachel Allen (2007), Customer Satisfaction is all about how a firm succeeds in maintaining their customers as top of their agenda. This further identifies the 3r’s of customer loyalty which are Retention, Related Sales & Referrals. The 3r’s are basically the customer’s behavior that must staying longer, chose to use more of the services/products by a firm. This can be further useful by helping in noticing the customers Attitudes & Behavior towards the firm and prove to be effective for the firm’s achievement of their goals in satisfying their customers. Thus, to improve customer satisfaction organisation’s should focus on its resources on areas where they are least meeting the essential of their customer requirements. But as per the authors (Hill, Roche& Allen, 2007) ‘The profitability of customers increases the longer you keep them’ meaning is that the value of a customer typically increases over time by identifying a customer lifetime value by the following points. An Acquisition is a process of acquiring customers occurs wholly in the first year with a functioning business organisation i.e. before & just after becoming a customer. The Base Profit is the difference between sales revenue earned by a particular good or service and the cost to produce or provide that good or service. The Revenue growth will increase when the customers are satisfied as a satisfied customer have a tendency to buy or use more of the firm’s products or services. Customer satisfaction also leads to Cost Savings as long term customers will cost lesser in providing services as they became familiar with the organisation’s techniques & are more likely to get what they expect. In Referrals a highly satisfied customers will recommend and even applaud the product or service to their family & friends which thus brings more customer by eliminating the cost of acquisition of a customer. The long term customers who are satisfied with what the organisation has to offer will be also ready to pay a Price Premium meaning a higher price since they trust the product or service which results in adding value of the firm. According to Lynch (2006) The Internal Analysis is very crucial as it adds further value for an organisation which in turn is beneficiary for them if they take time in analyzing their business performance through which they can improve the overall customer satisfactory level. Hencethe firm must make in-depth analysis of their departments to determine which areas are to be immediately improved. Overall, it is very important & a responsibility of an organisation to establish a well refined relationship with their customer in such a way that satisfies them and results in earning more profits & establishing a competitive edge on a long term basis. The Market Segmentation: According to Sally Dibb & Lyndon Simki (1996), the market segmentation aims to identify groups of customers with similar needs and then the firm tries to select their segments by targeting thus determining how to position their products/services that helps to appeal in the targeted market of a region. This over all helps the firm in realizing which type of consumers are there and whether they prefer or like the services/products that the firm has to offer and this can be measured by making a research and getting at most possible feedback from the existing customers. The Segmentation process of a market segmentation comprises of three diverse portions namely Segmentation, Targeting & Positioning. It is very important to fully understand how different can the markets be segmented before making a final decision. It is clear that there are three points in the process at which assistance is defiantly necessary. As there is a need to recognize the categories of factors that will contribute to a positive result. During the analysis, it is important to create the qualities that emerging segments display. After the segmentation output has been confirmed, direction is needed for the criteria to review the desirability of the different segments. (Dibb & Simki, 1996) The most commonly used way is arranged in few steps, that tells that segments should exhibit measurability, so that segment size and  prospective can be measured; substantiality, so that the segments are sizeable to be profitable; accessibility, to reach the customers in the segments; actionability, letting segments to assist successfully with marketing programmes and lastly; stability, so that resources can be safely financed (Kotler, 1994). This is clearly aimed at managers during the segmentation process, as it shows features that are in contradiction to emerging segments that can be matched. The problem concerning with market segmentation compared to the authors comments (Dibb & Simki, 1996) is the fact that marketers sometimes fail to produce a usable segmentation answer as it is very difficult for them to analysis information that is constantly changing making the data material collected not precise. On top of that, this analysis is mainly based on statistical information which is at certain point difficult to calculate accurate information as statistical data are also based on the closest assumption value. The Marketing Mix also plays an important role as it identifies the product/service of an organisation, then determine at what price to sell the goods and services, later defines the place which is suitable for production and announce effective promotion methods to bring more customers (Hill, Roche& Allen, 2007). In order to obtain market segmentation success the managers should become critical about the quality of information they are receiving as it plays a vital role for implementing a marketing strategy by questioning the source of data and considering when it was collected. The method of data collection should be correct, durable and must be up-to-date as soon as possible. Marketing ethics: As per Bodo B. Schlegelmilch (1998), marketing ethics is an ethical dilemma that deals with relating the marketing function. The ethical issues usually arise in marketing situations for a firm. This part thus relates to how a firm should make ethical marketing decisions to obtain the satisfaction of the society & must focus on the ethical issues that connect with analyzing the market opportunities that are available. Marketing has been criticized for hurting the interest of customers, society and the environment in the presentation of the marketing mix by stimulating societal moral decay, endorsing materialism and affecting the environment. â€Å"Marketing ethics is thus alarmed with the moral principles and values which guide the marketing  decisions and activities in an ethical manner† (Jobber, 2010). The assistance of both the primary stakeholders (Customers, Employees, Suppliers, Shareholder & other investors) & secondary stakeholders (Media, Special-Interest Groups & Go vernment Institutions) is important to support the ethical activities of marketing practices (Schlegelmilch, 1998). But the most important factor for the reason that ethics are to be considered by the marketing managers are so to satisfy their organisation customers and employees (Schlegelmilch, 1998) as the customers are the people who buys the goods & service which runs the business & employees are those people that works for the company and are determined by their attitudes towards the jobs to keep the business running as well. While all other factors are directly or indirectly related with these two factors making it utmost important to satisfy them so as to achieve the desired goals & objectives. The Marketing activities has an impact on the society and the environment as a whole. Therefore the managers of the organisation should behave responsibly within the best interest of those who will be affected. In conclusion, marketing ethics is an important factor to be considered, despite the challenges and uncertainty a company faces with its applications. Conclusion This chapter presents the theoretical background of the major areas for marketing techniques of the research. The aimis to review the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings on marketing techniques for theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topicas the reviews are secondary sources and do not require any new or original experimental work.

Career Interest Profiler Essay

The results from my interest profiler were enterprising occupations, social occupations and conventional occupations. Enterprising occupations include starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business. Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others and conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow. The results of my competencies were organizing, strategizing, innovating, following instructions, adapting to change and entrepreneurial thinking. As stated in my career plan a lawyer, judge, supervisor of an office, administrative support worker, supervisor of protective service workers and supervisor of sales workers were examples of possible job titles that matched my competencies. According to my career plan the first result of my work culture preferences was supportive which includes a secure, stable environment, clearly defined jobs, goals and expectations, no conflicting demands, considerate management, focuses on employee welfare, lots of personal development and feedback, lots of recognition and celebration of success and a fun place to work. The second result was high powered which includes demanding jobs, career development, career advancement, the chance to learn new skills, the chance to try different jobs or work in different places, high salaries, likelihood of rapid promotion and other benefits. Last, but not least the third result was ethical which includes emphasis on fairness, active promotion of equal rights and justice for all, the chance to contribute positively to society and make a difference to people’s lives and an emphasis on social and environmental responsibility. After taking the assessments for my career interest profiler, competencies and work culture preferences, I have gained a lot of useful information about myself as well as in regards to what specific characteristics I possess and what type of employment opportunities I should be searching for. There was a ton of information to consider after looking at the results, but I feel as though I can take this information and apply it to my life as I am looking to advance within my career.

Persuasion in “12 Angry Men”

In his article, â€Å"The Necessary Art of Persuasion†, Jay Conger stated that persuasion is NOT about selling or convincing; rather, it is a learning and negotiating process. Good persuaders use and listen to ongoing and active discussions (or debates) to learn about their audience and include different opinions into a shared conclusion. In the movie â€Å"12 Angry Men†, juror number 8 (Henry Fonda) was not sure if evidence presented against a young defendant in court left reasonable doubt for a guilty conviction.The other jurors believed the presented facts and the defendant’s background warrants a guilty conviction. The movie showed how juror number 8 persuasively got the other jurors to review each fact logically, which led to an unanimous not guilty decision. Conger noted four essential steps use in effective persuasion. The steps will be use to analyze juror number 8 persuasion approach. The first essential step is establishing credibility with an audience. Conger noted that persuaders, to get support for an idea, have to build trust and confidence with their audience.A person can be persuasive by having a thorough knowledge and understanding of a subject matter OR relationships with people who trust the person’s motives. This is an important first step because people are allowing the persuader to persuade them and are committing time and resources towards the idea. Trust is essential. An audience needs to see and know if the persuader can execute sound judgment honestly. In the movie, juror number 8 displayed an ability to decipher real facts from questionable facts logically and sensibly when ask about the evidence presented during the trial.His character— unlike juror number 3, who was excitable in a negative way— was calm, approachable and straightforward. He listened to each juror’s opinions about the murder case and spoke respectfully and candidly about the burden of proof to juror number 2 (bank tell er). Juror number 8 gained credibility and trust from the other jurors using his character. The second essential step is framing arguments properly. It is critical to identify the tangible benefits and values that really matters to people being persuade.Effective persuaders consider what is important to an audience and lays his or her position to match common ground with the audience. This is a give-and-take process. Effective persuaders also use testimonies, past and current research, etc and readjust their argument to make them appealing to their audience. Persuaders must know an audience well enough to know what will capture their immediate and continued attention. Juror number 8 was in a situation where there is no common ground between him and the other jurors.All are from diverse backgrounds and uncomfortably brought together to deliberate the facts in an open-and-shut murder trial. Juror number 8, wanting to â€Å"just talk†, kept reconsidering and adjusting his positi on with the other juror’s positions about the defendant until a common was reach in the deliberation. Again, this is a give-and-take process and is effective if properly done right. The third essential step is presenting evidence to an audience. Conger stated that evidence alone will not convince an audience to support a position or an idea.Evidence can appear too abstract and not entirely informative. Persuaders, Conger noted, use stories, metaphors, analogies, examples, etc and use vivid language skillfully to paint a compelling big picture of their point of view. This approach is far more effective than stating facts in persuasion. In the movie, juror number 8 used different testimonies from specific jurors to pick apart each piece of evidence to support his argument for reasonable doubt. He used juror number 9 (old man) insights about the old man’s motives, and juror number 6 (painter) and his own experience hearing train noises.The old man, seeking attention for t he first time, assumed he heard voices. His motives and whether or not he really heard voices are questionable. He also used jurors’ number 4 (stock broker), 9 and 12 (ad man) comments about indentations on the 45 year old woman’s nose, indicating she wore eyeglasses. The woman’s eyesight is questionable and she is not a reliable witness. The other jurors’ testimonies gave a clearer and more convincing argument for reasonable doubt. The fourth essential step is connecting emotionally to a belief and with the audience.Good persuaders walk along a fine line balancing a strong commitment to a point of view (i. e. , belief) and not getting emotionally carried away. If balanced properly, an audience will see and believe the sincerity in a persuader’s message. Good persuaders also know the mood of their audience. Conger stated that effective persuaders â€Å"have a strong and accurate sense of their audience emotional state†¦and adjust the tone of their argument accordingly. † Persuaders gets a feel of their audience by listening to and gathering information from side conversations, or asking people with better insights about the audience’s mood.Good persuaders constantly analyze their audience’s behavior and use the proper tone in messages to match what the audience is feeling or expecting. Juror number 8 pretty much distanced himself from the other jurors. As he did, he listened to side conversations in the room, and observed the mood and temperament of each juror. He connected with each one accordingly and specifically. Juror number 3 (messenger service owner), for example, is very vocal and loose tempered. Juror number 8 approached him directly and firmly.He spoke respectfully and candidly about the burden of proof to juror number 2 (bank teller), who is timid and easily persuaded by other opinions. Juror number 8 constantly kept analyzing this audience— the 11 other jurors. Juror number 8 broad ly demonstrated Jay Conger’s essential steps to persuading people. In the movie, he mainly used persuasion faults by the other jurors to strengthen his position and to change their minds. And he kept studying and analyzing what the other jurors were saying about the facts. Persuasion is definitely a learning and negotiating process, and knowing your audience is half the battle.

Aristotle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Aristotle - Essay Example One of the primary elements of a virtuous man is that he also be a courageous man. Despite the fact that Aristotle’s ideas lie at their foundations, much of Aristotle’s ideas are presented in relatively abstract terms, often difficult to understand and apply to everyday modern conceptions. However, studying Aristotle’s concepts of what constitutes a courageous man can provide a great deal of insight regarding what he intended when he discussed the more abstract concepts of virtue. Aristotle dedicates three full chapters to the discussion and investigation of what constitutes a courageous man in his book, Nicomachean Ethics, which begins to demonstrate on a more concrete level what he intended in his discussions of the virtuous man. Courage is a mean between fear and recklessness. All objects of fear are fearful things, and generally they are evil also, so fear is defined as the expectation of evil. It is right and proper to fear some evils, but wrong to fear those which are not within ones control as an agent. The truly courageous man is concerned only with the most terrible of evils—death—and in particular with death in the most noble of circumstances, war. The real test of courage is how a man behaves in the face of dangers that are to some extent within his control. Like all human beings, the courageous man fears what is fearful, but he endures his fear in the right way and for the right reason because his aim is to act with nobility. It is possible to fear things to a greater or lesser extent than is warranted or to fear what is not really fearful, and these are the forms taken by the vices surrounding courage. Common usage has no name for excessive lack of fear, but the man who is afraid of nothing is either a madman or totally immune to pain. Excessive confidence is called recklessness. Excessive fear is cowardice. Cowards, reckless men, and courageous men are all concerned with the same situation, but have different attitudes

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Book Review - Essay Example African Muslims that were enslaved and shipped to the land constituted a significant number and they were educated, civilized and had a strong moral foundation in the tenets of Islamic Religion. Because of their distinction as educated and capable of analyzing their own predicament their resistance to slavery was somewhat fiercer. Apart from this central theme that runs through the length and breadth of the Diouf’s work the book gives us the story of the slaves in their homeland, the astonishing struggles of the Muslim slaves to keep their faith and their rich contribution to the fabric of American life. According to the author the Islamic faith of the African slaves gave mooring to their harsh life, away from the home land and motivated them to resist forcefully the tyranny of slavery. Diouf draws convincing evidence of the heroic struggle of the enslaved Muslims by strewing her works from revealing quotes that the reader is brought to admire the faith of the Muslim Africans in their Diaspora. Spanish royal edict of 1543 ordained, â€Å"in a new land like this one where (the Catholic) faith is only recently being sowed, it is necessary not to allow to spread there the sect of Mahomet or any other.† The royal command is motivated more by military consideration than by reasons of faith. The Spanish feared that the native Indian might learn the horsemanship from the Muslim Africans and this would destroy the Spanish military advantage. In spite of these attempts the Muslim religion took root in the Americas and as Diouf notices Islam is the second taste of monotheism of the Native Americans. The author asserts that Islam was functioning in hostile conditions in the new land .According to her slavery,†far from making the Africans’ religious fervor disappear, deepened it.† â€Å"Servants of Allah†, contains a comprehensive account of the Muslim slave attempts to hold on to the Islamic way of life, their unwillingness to accept Christianity, their attempts to

The Baptism of Pocahontas by John Gadsby Chapman Essay

The Baptism of Pocahontas by John Gadsby Chapman - Essay Example Both "The Warning of Powhatan" and "The Crowning of Powhatan" were displayed at the National Academy of Design in New York in the year 1836. His Landing at Jamestown and The Crowning of Powhatan were later imprinted in the 1840s for accepted magazines. Chapman's companion Henry Alexander Wise had set up a decree in the United States House of Representatives in the year 1834 to structure a committee to choose American artists to complete the United States Capitol Rotunda cycle commenced by John Trumbull. On 28 February 1837 the Select Committee opted Robert Weir, John Vanderlyn, Henry Inman, and John G. Chapman to paint sight from American history. According to his agreement, Chapman entertained $10,000 in four payments. The completed painting, The Baptism of Pocahontas, was revealed on 30 November 1840 and was escorted by a leaflet elucidating the artist's approach to the theme and a concise history of Pocahontas as well as the Jamestown colony. John Gadsby Chapman sought to use the Jamestown legend as a paradigm of the confrontation between English settlers and Native Americans. His Baptism of, installed in the U.S. Capitol rotunda in 1840, combined historical mythmaking, concerns about the fate of the "noble savage," and respect for the Virginia heritage. Like Custis, the artist had deep roots in the Virginia soil; his father, Charles, came from an old Prince William County family; his maternal grandfather, John Gadsby, owned the famous Alexandria tavern that is now a Virginia landmark. Born near there in 1808, Chapman grew up with Mount Vernon and its powerful Washington legacy a few miles to the south and the newly constructed federal city taking shape upriver on the Potomac. Both were to have a profound effect on his future ambitions. During a brief and futile attempt to study law in Winchester, Virginia, he formed a close friendship with future Virginia congressman and Governor Henry Alexander Wise2. In 1828, the youn g artist toured Europe, there enriching his artistic education while making friends with such notables as James Fenimore Cooper, Samuel F.B. Morse, and the sculptor Horatio Greenough. Chapman might have taken advantage of such influential friends to help him launch his career in New York upon his return in 1831. Instead he chose to settle in Virginia, where he eked out scant living painting portraits. (Alexandria Gazette, 1832) During his youth, Chapman had witnessed the rebuilding of the Capitol after its destruction during the War of 1812 and had later watched John Trumbull install his four Revolutionary War paintings in the rotunda. Hoping one day to create a similar "national picture" for the Capitol, he began to contact influential politicians and exhibit his paintings around the District of Columbia3. By this time, Chapman had moved to New York City, where he was establishing a creditable reputation as a printmaker and illustrator. As soon as he returned home, the artist began painting episodes from the Pocahontas saga, the first being two small canvases -- The Coronation of Powhatan and The Warning of Pocahontas -- which he exhibited at the National Academy of Design in 1836. In 1837, he composed his own version of the famous rescue scene, Pocahontas Saving the Life of Captain John Smith and between 1839 and 1841; he

The Legacy of the Holocaust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

The Legacy of the Holocaust - Essay Example The Holocaust damaged society. The consequence of the Jewish Holocaust had a great effect on society in Germany and the entire world. This devastating murder of the Jewish people in Germany left thousands in mental and physical pain, and affect current society in a negative manner. It is estimated that more than ten million people were killed by the authoritarian Nazi regime under the leadership of Hitler (Haran 25). The effects of Holocaust continue to haunt those people who were exposed to it. For instance, as children and other survivors started aging the terrifying past returns to their mind. In turn, insecurities start to control their physiologic mind. It is also significant to note that the holocaust did not only affect the survivors and those who died but it affected the entire world. For instance, the holocaust provides an example of how dictatorship and prejudice in our society can be costly or detrimental (Haran 36-39). Following liberation, many survivors, especially of J ewish ancestry, feared to go back to the former homes due to anti-Semitism that existed in some parts of Europe and the trauma they had experienced in the concentration camps. Some survivors who returned to their homes feared for their security. For instance, in Poland, the presence of pogroms or violent anti-Jewish protests in towns like Kielce in 1946 made the Jewish fearful to return home (Haran 47). The holocaust and its effects left million of Jewish and non-Jewish refugees who lost their families and property. They experienced relentless anti-Semitism in their home nations. This made many people not ready to return to their homes. Most displaced Jewish preferred to settle in Palestine.